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Objective To investigate the potential effect and mechanism of curcumin in inhibiting synaptic injury in the cortex of rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham-operated group, model group, low-dose curcumin (50 mg/kg) group, and high-dose curcumin (100 mg/kg) group. A model of middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2 hours and reperfusion for 24 hours was constructed, and curcumin was administered. Based on the neurological function score, the effects of curcumin on cerebral infarct volume, synaptic ultrastructure changes, inflammatory cell infiltration, and the expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1, Synapsin1, and CAMKⅡ were observed after the end of the animal treatment. Results The neurological function scores were 0, 3.25±0.43, 2.50±0.50, and 1.50±0.50 for the sham-operated group, model group, low-dose curcumin group, and high-dose curcumin group, respectively. The percentage of cerebral infarct volume was 0, (38.89±2.21)%, (33.48±1.77)%, and (23.69±2.19)%, respectively. Compared with the sham operation group, the model group had severe synaptic ultrastructure damage, extensive inflammatory cell infiltration, significantly increased expression of Caspase-1 and NLRP3 (P < 0.5), and significantly decreased expression of Synapsin1 and CAMKⅡ (P < 0.5). Curcumin treatment significantly inhibited synaptic damage, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, decreased the expression of Caspase-1 and NLRP3 (P < 0.5), and increased the expression of Synapsin1 and CAMKII (P < 0.5), when compared with the model group. Conclusion Ischemia-reperfusion-mediated synaptic injury in rat brain triggers an inflammatory response in cortical nerve cells, and curcumin alleviates synaptic damage and reduces brain injury by inhibiting inflammatory factor levels.
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Objective:To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics, treatment responses and kidney outcomes of patients with atypical membranous nephropathy (MN), and to provide information for the clinical practice.Methods:The clinical data of patients with atypical MN and synchronous primary MN who were diagnosed, treated and followed up in Peking University First Hospital from January 2008 to June 2020 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Clinicopathological features, treatment responses and kidney prognosis were compared between the two groups. The expression of phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) in kidney tissues was detected by immunofluorescence. Serum anti-PLA2R antibody was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Clinicopathological indexes were compared between PLA2R-related MN group and non-PLA2R-related MN group. Kaplan-Meier (Log-rank test) survival curve and multivariate Cox regression analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of kidney prognosis in patients with atypical MN. The primary endpoint of renal adverse outcome was renal insufficiency, defined as end-stage renal disease or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline>30% baseline and<60 ml·min -1·(1.73 m 2) -1. Results:A total of 65 atypical MN patients were enrolled in this study. Compared with primary MN ( n=324), patients with atypical MN had younger age ( Z=-4.229, P<0.001), higher proportion of hematuria ( χ2=5.555, P=0.018), higher level of urinary protein ( Z=2.228, P=0.026) and lower level of eGFR ( t=-5.108, P<0.001); the proportion of IgG4 deposition in kidneys was lower ( χ2=8.081, P=0.004), and the proportions of IgA ( χ2=16.969, P<0.001) and IgM ( χ2=9.281, P=0.002) deposition were higher. There was no significant difference on gender, serum albumin, positive proportion of anti-PLA2R antibody, anti-PLA2R antibody level and kidney C3/C1q deposition between the two groups (all P>0.05). The proportions of atypical MN patients receiving renin-angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors (49.3% vs 57.1%), calcineurin inhibitors (27.7% vs 19.1%) and cyclophosphamide (21.5% vs 23.8%) were comparable to those of primary MN patients (all P>0.05). The rates of clinical remission (80.0% vs 77.2%), partial remission (44.6% vs 44.1%), complete remission (35.4% vs 33.1%), spontaneous remission (36.9% vs 42.6%), response to cyclophosphamide (85.7% vs 81.8%), response to calcineurin inhibitor (88.9% vs 79.0%), and relapse (30.8% vs 26.8%) in atypical MN patients were comparable to those in primary MN patients (all P>0.05). During the follow-up 30.0(21.5, 61.5) months, 15 atypical MN patients (23.1%) had eGFR reduction>30%, among whom 7 patients (10.8%) had eGFR reduction>50% and 3 patients (4.6%) had end-stage kidney disease. There was no significant difference on poor kidney prognosis between the two groups (all P>0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that patients with age>39 years old ( χ2=10.092, P=0.001), eGFR≤100 ml·min -1·(1.73 m 2) -1( χ2=5.491, P=0.019), tubular interstitial lesion ( χ2=6.999, P=0.008) and no nephropathy remission ( χ2=22.952, P<0.001) had earlier poor renal prognosis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that no nephropathy remission ( HR=12.604, 95% CI 2.691-59.037, P=0.001) was an independent influencing factor for poor renal prognosis in atypical MN patients. Conclusion:No significant difference is found between atypical MN and primary MN on treatment responses and kidney prognosis, which implies that clinical practice of atypical MN can be performed by referring to the guidelines and experience of primary MN.
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Objective:To summarize and analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with DNAJ heat shock protein family member B9 (DNAJB9)-positive fibrillary glomerulonephritis (FGN).Methods:The clinical and pathological data of 5 patients with DNAJB9-positive FGN diagnosed in Peking University First Hospital from January 2011 to January 2021 were retrospectively collected and analyzed.Results:Among the 5 patients, the female to male ratio was 4∶1, and the median age was 29 years old (24-71 years old). The clinical manifestations included 2 cases with nephrotic syndrome and 3 cases with proteinuria. One patient had gross hematuria, and 4 cases had mild microscopic hematuria. None of the 5 patients had evidence of monoclonal gammopathy. The renal pathological pattern of FGN showed mesangial-proliferative glomerulonephritis, mesangial nodular sclerosis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, and atypical membranous nephropathy. Crescents formation could be accompanied. Immunofluorescence staining showed smudgy and granular IgG and C3 deposition in the mesangial region and capillary wall, and the subtypes of IgG were mainly IgG1 and IgG4. Under electron microscopy, fibrillary deposits with a diameter of 8-30 nm were observed in the mesangial and subendothelial area, accompanied by deposition in basement membrane and occasionally subepithelial area. The renal prognosis of FGN patients was poor. One patient entered end-stage renal disease within one week, and another patient entered end-stage renal disease within one year despite immunosuppressant therapy in 2 cases with nephrotic syndrome at onset. One patient had worsening proteinuria despite renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blocker treatment. Two patients achieved complete renal remission and stable renal function after RAS blocker treatment.Conclusions:Most FGN patients in China are young people. The main clinical manifestations are proteinuria or mild microscopic hematuria. The diagnosis depends on the discovery of fibrillary deposits in the mesangial area and subendothelial area with a diameter of about 10-30 nm under the electron microscope. DNAJB9 protein immunohistochemical staining can be used as an important marker for the diagnosis of FGN. The prognosis of FGN kidney is poor, and there is no effective targeted treatment option now.
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Objective:A two-sample Mendelian randomized study was used to investigate the relationship between psychiatric disorders and the risk of developing obstructive sleep apnea(OSA).Methods:Genetic variations in bipolar disorder, depression, Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia were used as instrumental variables and data from genome-wide association studies of OSA patients from the Finngen Consortium were used.In this study, inverse variance weighted method was used as the main analysis method, and three sensitivity analyses including weighted median analysis, MR-Egger regression analysis and MR-PRESSO analysis were jointly applied.Results:Higher genetic predisposition for depression and bipolar disorder increased the risk of developing OSA, the odds ratio is 1.18(95% CI: 1.02-1.37, P=0.026)and 1.06(95% CI: 1.01-1.12, P=0.038)for each unit increase with log-transformed odds ratios of depression and bipolar disorder, respectively.Genetic susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia was not associated with the risk of developing OSA. Conclusions:This study suggests that a higher genetic predisposition for depression and bipolar disorder may lead to a higher risk of developing OSA.OSA and psychiatric disorders such as depression and bipolar disorder have a high incidence in the elderly, however, their causal effects still need to be studied.
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BackgroundNo currently available biomarkers or treatment regimens fully meet therapeutic needs of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Circular RNA (circRNA) is a recently identified class of stable noncoding RNA that have been documented as potential biomarkers for various diseases. Our objective was to identify and analyze plasma circRNAs altered in T1DM.MethodsWe used microarray to screen differentially expressed plasma circRNAs in patients with new onset T1DM (n=3) and age-/gender-matched healthy controls (n=3). Then, we selected six candidates with highest fold-change and validated them by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in independent human cohort samples (n=12). Bioinformatic tools were adopted to predict putative microRNAs (miRNAs) sponged by these validated circRNAs and their downstream messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed to gain further insights into T1DM pathogenesis.ResultsWe identified 68 differentially expressed circRNAs, with 61 and seven being up- and downregulated respectively. Four of the six selected candidates were successfully validated. Curations of their predicted interacting miRNAs revealed critical roles in inflammation and pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. Functional relations were visualized by a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network. GO and KEGG analyses identified multiple inflammation-related processes that could be potentially associated with T1DM pathogenesis, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, inflammatory mediator regulation of transient receptor potential channels and leukocyte activation involved in immune response.ConclusionOur study report, for the first time, a profile of differentially expressed plasma circRNAs in new onset T1DM. Further in silico annotations and bioinformatics analyses supported future application of circRNAs as novel biomarkers of T1DM.
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Background@#No currently available biomarkers or treatment regimens fully meet therapeutic needs of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Circular RNA (circRNA) is a recently identified class of stable noncoding RNA that have been documented as potential biomarkers for various diseases. Our objective was to identify and analyze plasma circRNAs altered in T1DM. @*Methods@#We used microarray to screen differentially expressed plasma circRNAs in patients with new onset T1DM (n=3) and age-/gender-matched healthy controls (n=3). Then, we selected six candidates with highest fold-change and validated them by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in independent human cohort samples (n=12). Bioinformatic tools were adopted to predict putative microRNAs (miRNAs) sponged by these validated circRNAs and their downstream messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed to gain further insights into T1DM pathogenesis. @*Results@#We identified 68 differentially expressed circRNAs, with 61 and seven being up- and downregulated respectively. Four of the six selected candidates were successfully validated. Curations of their predicted interacting miRNAs revealed critical roles in inflammation and pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. Functional relations were visualized by a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network. GO and KEGG analyses identified multiple inflammation-related processes that could be potentially associated with T1DM pathogenesis, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, inflammatory mediator regulation of transient receptor potential channels and leukocyte activation involved in immune response. @*Conclusion@#Our study report, for the first time, a profile of differentially expressed plasma circRNAs in new onset T1DM. Further in silico annotations and bioinformatics analyses supported future application of circRNAs as novel biomarkers of T1DM.
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BackgroundNo currently available biomarkers or treatment regimens fully meet therapeutic needs of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Circular RNA (circRNA) is a recently identified class of stable noncoding RNA that have been documented as potential biomarkers for various diseases. Our objective was to identify and analyze plasma circRNAs altered in T1DM.MethodsWe used microarray to screen differentially expressed plasma circRNAs in patients with new onset T1DM (n=3) and age-/gender-matched healthy controls (n=3). Then, we selected six candidates with highest fold-change and validated them by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in independent human cohort samples (n=12). Bioinformatic tools were adopted to predict putative microRNAs (miRNAs) sponged by these validated circRNAs and their downstream messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed to gain further insights into T1DM pathogenesis.ResultsWe identified 68 differentially expressed circRNAs, with 61 and seven being up- and downregulated respectively. Four of the six selected candidates were successfully validated. Curations of their predicted interacting miRNAs revealed critical roles in inflammation and pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. Functional relations were visualized by a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network. GO and KEGG analyses identified multiple inflammation-related processes that could be potentially associated with T1DM pathogenesis, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, inflammatory mediator regulation of transient receptor potential channels and leukocyte activation involved in immune response.ConclusionOur study report, for the first time, a profile of differentially expressed plasma circRNAs in new onset T1DM. Further in silico annotations and bioinformatics analyses supported future application of circRNAs as novel biomarkers of T1DM.
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Objective@#To evaluate the quality of clinical practice guidelines for kidney diseases in China and provide reference for selecting suitable high-quality guidelines for primary care and developing standardized guidelines.@*Methods@#The China Guideline Clearinghouse, China Biology Medicine disc, VIP Database, Wanfang Database and CNKI, and other resources were searched from January 2013 to July 2018. In accordance with the criteria for inclusion and exclusion, the published guidelines for kidney diseases were screened. The Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation-China (AGREE-China) was used to systematically assess the current status of domestic guidelines for kidney diseases.@*Results@#A total of 18 guidelines for kidney diseases were included, covering different types of kidney disease such as glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, end-stage renal disease and other diseases. The overall score ranged from 30 to 68, with an average score of 47.3. The average scores of these guidelines were 20.1, 12.8, 0.5, 9.9 and 3.9 in five review fields including scientificity/rigorism, effectiveness/safety, economy, availability/feasibility, and conflicts of interest, respectively. Of these 18 guidelines, 8(44.4%) guidelines were strongly recommended, and 10(55.6%) guidelines were weakly recommended.@*Conclusions@#There are still deficiencies in scientificity/rigorism and economy in current guidelines for kidney diseases in China. The AGREE-China can be used as an evaluation tool for guidelines for kidney diseases in accordance with China's situation, while its practicability and feasibility still need further verification and improvement.
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Objective@#To investigate the clinical significance and pathological features of lymphocytes and plasma cells infiltration and related ectopic lymphoid-like structures in IgG4-related tubulointerstitial nephritis (IgG4-TIN).@*Methods@#Complete data was collected from 24 patients with IgG4-TIN confirmed by pathology in the Peking University First Hospital. The renal specimens were examined by routine light microscopy, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy examination. In addition, immunohistochemistry was used to detect the distribution of CD20+ B lymphocytes, CD3+ T lymphocytes and CD138+ plasma cells.@*Results@#A total of 24 patients were enrolled in the study, including 21 males (87.5%), 3 females (12.5%). The age was (58.0±10.8) years (38-75 years). Pathology analysis showed ectopic lymphoid-like structures were located in 16 (66.7%) cases and Russell bodies were detected in infiltrative plasma cells of 19(79.2%) cases with IgG4-TIN. Compared with cases without Russell body formation, cases with Russell body formation in renal interstitial plasma cells were more prone to show ectopic germinal center-like structure formation (P=0.001), tubular basement membrane (TBM) electron dense deposits (P=0.040) and reduced blood C3 levels (P=0.028).@*Conclusions@#Abnormal tubulointerstitial infiltration of ectopic lymphoid-like structures and plasma cells with prominent Russell body exist in IgG4-TIN patients, which suggests the persistent activation of lymphocytes and plasma cells in renal interstitium may contribute to the pathogenesis of IgG4-TIN.
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Objective To investigate the clinical significance and pathological features of lymphocytes and plasma cells infiltration and related ectopic lymphoid-like structures in IgG4-related tubulointerstitial nephritis (IgG4-TIN). Methods Complete data was collected from 24 patients with IgG4-TIN confirmed by pathology in the Peking University First Hospital. The renal specimens were examined by routine light microscopy, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy examination. In addition, immunohistochemistry was used to detect the distribution of CD20+ B lymphocytes, CD3+ T lymphocytes and CD138+ plasma cells. Results A total of 24 patients were enrolled in the study, including 21 males (87.5％), 3 females (12.5％). The age was (58.0 ± 10.8) years (38-75 years). Pathology analysis showed ectopic lymphoid-like structures were located in 16 (66.7％) cases and Russell bodies were detected in infiltrative plasma cells of 19(79.2％) cases with IgG4-TIN. Compared with cases without Russell body formation, cases with Russell body formation in renal interstitial plasma cells were more prone to show ectopic germinal center-like structure formation (P=0.001), tubular basement membrane (TBM) electron dense deposits (P=0.040) and reduced blood C3 levels (P=0.028). Conclusions Abnormal tubulointerstitial infiltration of ectopic lymphoid-like structures and plasma cells with prominent Russell body exist in IgG4-TIN patients, which suggests the persistent activation of lymphocytes and plasma cells in renal interstitium may contribute to the pathogenesis of IgG4-TIN.
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Objective To investigate the clinical features and prognostic risk factors of pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in patients with glomerular disease. Methods The medical charts of all patients with confirmed PCP, diagnosed in Peking University First Hospital from August 2006 to February 2018 were retrospectively reviewed, and 36 cases with glomerular disease were enrolled. Clinical and imaging data were collected and analyzed. Thirty-six patients were divided into survival group and death group. The clinical data, baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), mechanical ventilation and APACHE II score were compared. Results A total of 27 males and 9 females were included, with age of (49.6 ± 17.5) years. All patients were receiving immunosuppressive therapy at the PCP onset, with a median duration of 2.5 months, and none of them was receiving PCP prophylaxis. The main clinical manifestations included fever (100.0% ), dyspnea (75.0% ) and dry cough (61.1% ). Hypoxemia occurred in 97.2% of patients and 17 cases presented as type 1 respiratory failure. Fifteen out of 30(50.0%) patients had CD4+ T cell counts below 200 cells/mm3. Ground glass opacity was the most common finding in CT imaging of 28 patients, followed with grid shadows, consolidation and nodules. Thirty-five patients received trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) as initial therapy, and 17.1% (6/35) of them developed acute kidney injury due to sulfonamide use. Ten patients died during hospitalization, with respiratory failure as the only direct cause of death. Elder age, delayed diagnosis of PCP, mechanical ventilation and high APACHEⅡscores were associated with poor survival. Conclusions PCP is a severe complication of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with glomerular disease. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are critical to improve prognosis. Hydration prior to sulfonamide treatment and alkalization of urine are necessary to reduce the incidence of acute kidney injury.
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Objective To summarize the clinical data of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) and analyze the treatment and prognosis.Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted on 66 cases in Beijing Children's Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2011 to December 2017.The children were divided into positive and negative auto-antibody groups according to the results of anti-factor H autoantibody test.The clinical characteristics,treatment plan and prognosis of the two groups were compared.Results Among the 66 children who met the inclusion criteria,there were 43 cases (65.2％) in the positive group,with an average onset age of (8.0±2.9) years.There were 23 eases (34.8％) in the negative group,with an average onset age of (3.0± 2.6) years.On the basis of plasma treatment,in the positive group,the usage rate of hormone was 83.3％ (35/42) and the usage rate of immunosuppressive agents was 42.9％(18/42),while in the negative group,the rates were 63.6％(14/22) and 13.6％(3/22) respectively.The average follow-up time was 19.3 months.One child in each group was lost to follow-up.In the positive group,8 cases recurred (19.0％)and the average recurrence interval time was 16.1 months.In the negative group,7 cases recurred (31.8％) and the average recurrence interval time was 9.3 months.And the recurrent interval time in the positive group was more longer than the negative group (P ＜ 0.05).A total of 85.9％(55/64) children had complete hemolysis control and complete recovery of renal function,in which the positive group was 85.7％(36/42) and negative group was 86.4％(19/22).However,7.8％(5/64) children had abnormal renal function,in which the positive group was 9.5％(4/42) and the negative group was 4.5％(1/22).And 4.7％(3/64) children died,in which the positive group was 2.4％(1/42) and the negative group was 9.1％ (2/22).The one left (1.6％) showed dialysis dependence,which was positive for the auto-antibody.Multifactor Cox regression analysis showed that the age of less than 3 years old was the risk factor of poor prognosis (HR=4.651,95％CI 0.988-21.898,P=0.047).Conclusions The positive proportion of anti-factor H autoantibody in children with aHUS is high.The age of these children is older.Individualized therapy based on anti-factor H autoantibody and immunosuppressive therapy is of great significance for disease remission,preventing recurrence and improving the prognosis.Age less than 3 years old is the risk factor for poor prognosis.
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Objective To study the cyfluthrin resistance and potential mechanisms of Anopheles sinensis in Nanchang Chang-bei International Airport,Nanchang City,Jiangxi Province. Methods The resistance levels of the local An. sinensis were de-tected by WHO drug resistance bioassay. During the bioassay,the dying mosquitos were classed as sensitive mosquitos,and the survival ones were classed as resistant mosquitos. The P450 monooxygenase activity and glutathione S-transferase activity were detected and compared between the two groups. At the same time,the death time of each sensitive mosquito was recorded,and the correlations between the death time and the P450 monooxygenase activity and glutathione S-transferase activity were ana-lyzed,respectively. Results The bioassay mortality of the local An. sinensis was 59.5%. The differences of the P450 monooxy-genase activities among the resistant mosquitos,sensitive mosquitos and laboratory sensitive mosquitos had statistical signifi-cances(F=151.89,Psensitive mosquitos>laboratory sensitive mosquitos. The differences of glutathione s-transferase activities among the three groups had no statistical significance(F=0.72,P=0.49). There existed positive correlation between the mosquito death time and the P450 monooxygenase activity,and the regression equation was y=79.479+1.512x with the correlation coefficient of 0.88,while there was no correlation between the mosquito death time and the glutathione S-transferaseactivity. Conclusion The An. sinensis in Nanchang Changbei International Airport has been resistant to cyfluthrin,and the promotion of P450 monooxygenase activity maybe one of the reasons for the resistance.
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Objectives To reveal the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and creatinine clearance rate in elderly patients with hypertension.Methods A total of 600 elderly hypertensive patients with different degrees of renal impairment and helicobacter pylori(HP)infection were randomly selected from Department of Health Care,General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from 2010 to 2015.Serum creatinine concentration detection was conducted and creatinine clearance rate was calculated.Patients were divided into HP infection group(n =254)and non-HP-infection group (n =346).The multiple logistic regression analysis showed the correlation between Helicobacter pylori infection and decreased creatinine clearance rate.Results Creatinine clearance rate was significantly lower in HP-infection group[(61.1 ± 12.7)ml/min] than in non-HP-infection group[(78.5 ± 11.9) ml/min,P =0.014].Multifactorial logistic analysis revealed that Helieobacter pylori infection was significantly associated with decreased creatinine clearance rate(OR=3.5 18,95 ％ CI:1.105～4.918,P =0.011).Conclusions Helicobacter pylori infection is significantly related with decreased creatinine clearance rate in elderly patients with hypertension.
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Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of dog days' acupoint application in treating allergic rhinitis and assess its safety.Methods Two hundred and forty-nine patients were randomly allocated to a dog days' acupoint application group of 166 cases and a placebo group of 83 cases. The two groups were received treatment at the first day of the first, second and last periods of the hot season The dog days' acupoint application group received acupoint application of Chinese herbal medicine and the placebo group, acupoint application of non-medicinal placebo. In the two groups, the symptoms and signs were scored and the VAS score was recorded before and after treatment and during the follow-up period, and adverse reactions and relapses were observed and the clinical therapeutic effect of acupoint application and its safety were assessed after treatment and during the follow-up period.Results The total efficacy rate was 69.8% in the dog days' acupoint application group and 44.4% in the placebo group. The therapeutic effect was significantly better in the dog days' acupoint application group than in the placebo group (P0.05). The relapse rate was 46,6% at the 6-month follow-up and 62.1% at the 12-month follow-up in the dog days' acupoint application group and 85.2% and 95.1% in the placebo group; there were statistically significant differences between the two groups (P<0.01).Conclusions Dog days' acupoint application has better short-term and long-term therapeutic effect on allergic rhinitis with a low relapse rate and high safety.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the short effect and safety of the acupoint application of dog days for allergic rhinitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred and forty-nine patients were randomly divided into an application group (166 cases) and a placebo group (83 cases). On the first day of the first dog days, the first day of the second of the three ten-day periods of the hot season and the first day of the last of the three ten-day periods of the hot season, acupoint application was adopted mainly at Dazhui (GV 14), Feishu (BL 13), Pishu (BL 20) and Shenshu (BL 23) in the application group. The plaster was made of Chinese herbs, including Baijiezi (semen brassicae), Xixin (asarum), Yanhusuo (corydalis tuber) and Gansui (euphorbia kansui). Buckwheat plaster without medical ingredient was used in the placebo group. The application was pasted for 2-6 h every time. On the first three days of all the three periods of dog days, treatment was used continuously. The whole period of dog days was made into one course. The changes of symptom and syndrome scores, visual analogue scale (VAS) for symptom before and after treatment and the adverse reaction with the condition disposed were observed in the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment, the symptom and syndrome scores and VAS for symptom were improved compared with those before treatment in the two groups (all P < 0.05), and the improvements of the application group were more obvious than those of the placebo group (all P < 0.05). The short effective rate of the application group was 68.1% (113/166), which was better than 48.2% (40/83) of the placebo group (P < 0.05). The adverse reaction rates were 4.2% (7/166), 2.4% (2/83) respectively, with no statistical significance between the two groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The dog days plaster achieves obvious effect with good safety for allergic rhinitis.</p>
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Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Pontos de Acupuntura , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Rinite Alérgica , Tratamento Farmacológico , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Objective To investigate the influence of long non-coding RNA HOTAIR in proliferation and apoptosis of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Methods siHOTAIR was used to inhibit the HOTAIR expression in Tb3.1 human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line. The experiments were divided into siHOTAIR group, nonsense sequence group and blank control group. Real-time PCR was used to detect the HOTAIR expression. MTT assay was employed to determine the cell survival. The expression levels of Bcl2, BAX, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3 were examined by Western blot assay. Tb3.1 xenograft tumor model was established in BALB/c nude mice, and the tumor model was divided into control group, negative group, and siHOTAIR treated group. The tumor tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry stain (IHC) and TUNEL assay. Results The detection of real-time PCR showed that HOTAIR expression was reduced after treated with siHOTAIR. Western blots assay showed that Bcl-2 protein was suppressed while cleaved caspase-3 and BAX protein were up-regulated after treated with siHOTAIR. MTT assay indicated that the cell survival rate was significantly reduced in siHOTAIR treated group. Flow cytometry detected that apoptosis levels were increased in siHOTAIR group. The level of cell senescence was higher in the siHOTAIR group than that of control group. Results of IHC indicated that Ki-67 and Bcl-2 protein of tumor tissue were inhibited, while BAX and cleaved caspase-3protein expressions were elevated simultaneously in the siHOTAIR group. TUNEL assay suggested that more apoptosis was observed in siHOTAIR group. Conclusion HOTAIR can affect proliferation and apoptosis of tongue squamous cancer cells. HOTAIR may be one of the new candidate targets for human tongue cancer therapy.
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Objective To explore the expressions of Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) related proteins including N-cadherin, Vimentin and E-cadherin in head and neck squamous cell carcino? ma (HNSCC), and to determine the relationship between the expression of CDK5 and prognosis. Methods The expression levels of CDK5 and EMT related proteins were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 55 patients who were diagnosed as HN?SCC. They were also analyzed in different clinical pathological factors. The correlation of CDK5 and EMT related proteins as well as the relationship between the expression of CDK5 and prognosis were also analyzed. Results The expression level of CDK5 was significantly higher in patients with lymph node metastasis than that in patients with non-lymph node metastasis (91.67%vs 30.23%, P<0.05). It’s also higher in T3-T4 stages than that in T1-T2 stages (85%vs 20%, P<0.05). The ex?pression levels of N-cadherin and Vimentin were significantly higher in patients with lymph node metastasis than those in patients with non-lymph node metastasis (75.00%vs 6.98%;91.67%vs 27.91%, all P<0.05). However, the expression level of E-cadherin was significantly lower in patients with lymph node metastasis (8.33%vs 86.05%, P<0.05) compared to that in patients without. CDK5 was positively correlated with N-cadherin and Vimentin, but negatively correlated with E-cad?herin (rs=0.512, 0.443,-0.363, all P<0.01). The 3-year survival rates were significantly lower in patients with high expres?sion of CDK5 (37.5%) than that in patients with low expression of CDK5 (87%, Log-rankχ2=12.678, P<0.01). Conclusion CDK5 and EMT related proteins were activated abnormally in HNSCC with lymph node metastasis. CDK5 may be a new bio?logical marker for prognosis of HNSCC.
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Objective:To investigate the risk factors of central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) and lateral neck lymph node me-tastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) patients, and to analyze the importance of high resolution ultrasonography in the diagnosis of lateral neck lymph node metastasis in PTMC patients. Methods:A retrospective protocol was applied, and a total of 1 037 PTMC patients were reviewed. These patients underwent central lymph node dissection or thyroidectomy with lateral neck lymph node dissection between January and November in 2013 in the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital. Clinicopathological factors, namely, age, sex, primary tumor size, multifocality, bilateralism, thyroid capsular invasion, and local invasion, were analyzed. Results: CLNMs were found in 332 of 1037 patients (32.0%), and 71 out of 1037 patients had lateral neck lymph node metastasis (6.85%). In the univariate analysis, patients with the following risk factors were at high risk of CLNM (P5 mm, multifocality, bilateralism, thyroid capsular invasion, and local invasion. Male patients with cen-tral lymph node metastasis positively showed high lateral neck lymph node metastasis rate (P5 mm, multifocality, bilateralism, thyroid capsular invasion, and lo-cal invasion). The importance of high-resolution ultrasonography in diagnosing lateral neck lymph node metastasis was revealed by the results. Thus, this method should be widely popularized. Radical neck dissection should be performed in male patients who received a positive diagnosis via ultrasonography or those with PTMC who had more than three positive nodes in the central lymph node metasta-sis. However, given the high occurrence rate of PTMC, a prospective study needs to be conducted in the future.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical characteristics, renal pathology, treatment and prognosis of children with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with H factor antibody.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Four children less than 18 yr of age admitted from Nov. 2010 to May 2011 in Peking University First Hospital were included. They all met the criteria for atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and with positive serum anti factor H antibody. They aged from 5 to 11 yr. Data on clinical manifestations, renal pathology, treatment and prognosis were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>All of the 4 cases had gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting, abdominal pain, or abdominal distension. None of them had diarrhea. Two children had hypertension. One child had episodes of convulsion. One child had history of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. All of them had low serum complement C3. Three of them had low serum factor H (38.0, 88.4, 209.4 mg/L). All of them had serum antibody to factor H (1: 7 068, 1: 1 110, 1: 174, and 1: 869). Three of them received renal biopsy, all of them showed thrombotic microangiopathy. All of them were treated with steroid combined with mycophenolate mofetil. Two children received plasma exchange. They were followed up for 8 to 29 months. The renal function became normal and proteinuria relieved in all of them. The serum factor H concentration increased to 405.8, 155.8 and 438.4 mg/L, respectively. The titer of anti factor H antibody decreased to 1: 119, 1: 170, 1: 123, and 1: 674, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Gastrointestinal symptom is common in children with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with H factor antibody. Hypocomplementemia was observed in all of them. Steroid combined with mycophenolate mofetil seemed to be effective for them. The monitoring of serum factor H and antibody to factor H may help diagnosis and treatment.</p>